OCC 擴大信託銀行服務,Ripple 開啟美國銀行體系通道

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Ripple開啟美國銀行體系通道

美國貨幣監理署(OCC)宣布修訂國民銀行特許權相關規定,正式允許國家信託銀行在履行信託義務的同時從事非信託活動,消除了此前業界對此類活動合規性的疑慮。對已獲得國家信託銀行牌照有條件批准的 Ripple、Circle 等而言,這一規定打通了進入美國銀行體系的關鍵通道。

OCC 修訂信託銀行規定:核心政策解讀

OCC修訂信託銀行規定 (來源:OCC)

OCC 最終規定確認,國家信託銀行可以從事附帶銀行業務,而不僅僅限於信託性質的服務。在此之前,業界一直存在疑慮:取得信託特許的公司是否有權從事更廣泛的銀行活動?OCC 最終規定明確回答了這個問題——是的,它們可以。

已獲 OCC 信託銀行牌照有條件批准的主要加密公司

Ripple:可拓展加密資產託管服務,近期已透過與 Figment 的合作,將託管範圍擴展至以太坊和 Solana 的質押服務

Circle:USDC 穩定幣發行商,可借此強化在美國銀行合規架構中的業務佈局

Paxos:已在區塊鏈結算領域深耕,銀行體系接入將擴大其機構服務範圍

對加密貨幣行業而言,這是一項重大政策勝利,因為該行業一直積極推動這一最終規則的出台。此類整合進一步推動加密貨幣與傳統金融(TradFi)的融合進程。

聯準會精簡主帳戶計劃:加密接入支付體系的下一步

除 OCC 政策外,聯準會正在推進一項「精簡主帳戶」計劃,若最終落地,將允許 Ripple 和 Circle 等公司有限度地連接到聯準會的支付系統。聯準會理事 Chris Waller 提出了這一計劃,並表示希望在今年第四季公佈相關規則。

然而,這一計劃面臨明顯阻力。加密貨幣行業與銀行業存在分歧,銀行業認為加密公司不應直接接入聯準會支付系統,科羅拉多州銀行家協會更警告此類帳戶可能為快速詐欺提供便利。

聯準會理事 Michelle Bowman 在參議院銀行委員會聽證中表示,聯準會正與其他銀行業監管機構合作,制定涵蓋穩定幣發行機構資本與流動性要求的法規(包括依《GENIUS 法案》要求),並將明確哪些數位資產活動是被允許的,以及願意就新用例提供監管反饋。加密公司進入美國銀行體系的監管框架正在逐步成形,儘管最終規則的落地仍需時間。

常見問題

OCC 新規對 Ripple 意味著什麼?

OCC 允許國家信託銀行從事非信託活動(包括非信託託管業務),使已獲有條件批准的 Ripple 能夠在合規框架下持有和管理客戶的加密資產,而無需承擔傳統受託人責任,為 Ripple 進入美國銀行體系並拓展機構託管服務提供了明確的法規依據。

除 Ripple 外,哪些加密公司受益於 OCC 新規?

Circle、Paxos 及 Crypto.com 均已獲得 OCC 國家信託銀行牌照的有條件批准,將與 Ripple 共同受益於此次規定修訂,代表了加密貨幣行業向受監管美國銀行體系整合的第一梯隊。

聯準會精簡主帳戶計劃與 OCC 新規有何關聯?

兩者是加密公司進入美國金融體系的互補性通道。OCC 新規解決了信託銀行的業務範疇問題;聯準會精簡主帳戶計劃進一步允許這些公司直接接入支付系統,但後者面臨銀行業的更大阻力,目前仍在推進中。

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