加密貨幣 ATM 遭禁、退休帳戶開放投資!印第安納州推進雙軌立法

印第安納州加密立法

印第安納州州長 Mike Braun 於 3 月 3 日簽署眾議院第 1042 號法案(HB 1042),要求部分公共退休計畫在 2027 年 7 月 1 日前提供至少一種加密貨幣投資產品;同期,禁止全州加密貨幣 ATM 的眾議院第 1116 號法案亦已通過議會,等待州長簽署。

HB 1042:公共退休計畫強制加密投資選項,附消費者保護條款

由眾議員 Kyle Pierce 提出的 HB 1042 法案,於 2026 年 2 月 25 日獲印第安納州參眾兩院批准,並於 3 月 3 日正式簽署生效。根據法案,以下公共儲蓄與退休計畫須提供包含至少一種加密貨幣投資產品的自主經紀選項:立法者固定繳款計劃、Hoosier START 教育儲蓄計劃,以及部分公共僱員和教師的退休帳戶。計畫管理人須在 2027 年 7 月 1 日之前完成相關投資管道的建置。

HB 1042 同時包含對加密資產用戶的主動保護條款,禁止州和地方政府對以下行為徵收特別稅費:使用加密貨幣支付合法商品和服務,或透過自託管錢包保管個人資產。

這項立法呼應了聯邦層級的政策方向——美國總統川普去年 8 月已簽署行政令,允許 401(k) 退休計畫納入加密貨幣投資,印第安納州此舉是各州主動對接聯邦政策的最新範例。

HB 1116:全州加密貨幣 ATM 禁令即將生效

與此同時,上週通過印第安納州議會的眾議院第 1116 號法案,預計將在州長簽署後正式禁止虛擬貨幣自助服務終端(即加密貨幣 ATM)在全州境內運營。

印第安納州加密貨幣雙軌立法核心要點

HB 1042(已生效):要求指定公共退休計畫於 2027 年 7 月 1 日前提供加密貨幣投資選項;禁止對加密貨幣支付合法商品或自託管錢包徵收特別稅費;退休計畫涵蓋立法者固定繳款計劃、Hoosier START 教育儲蓄計劃及部分公共僱員教師退休帳戶

HB 1116(待州長簽署):將全面禁止加密貨幣 ATM 在印第安納州境內運營;現仍等待州長 Mike Braun 的正式簽署

常見問題

印第安納州為何要禁止加密貨幣 ATM?

加密貨幣 ATM 因匿名性高、難以追溯,常被詐騙分子用作轉移受害者資金的工具,在針對老年人和弱勢群體的詐騙案中尤為普遍。全美多個州已採取立法行動限制或禁止加密貨幣 ATM,印第安納州的 HB 1116 若通過,將使其成為全面禁止加密貨幣 ATM 的代表性州之一。

HB 1042 對印第安納州退休計畫受益人有何直接影響?

若持有適用退休帳戶(包括部分公共僱員、教師和立法者的帳戶),受益人將在 2027 年 7 月 1 日前獲得至少一種加密貨幣投資產品的選項。這並非強制投資,而是提供投資多元化的渠道,用戶可自行決定是否將部分退休資金配置於加密資產。

印第安納州同時開放退休加密投資又禁止 ATM,這兩項政策是否存在矛盾?

兩項法案針對的是不同的問題域,並不矛盾。HB 1042 針對受監管的退休投資框架,提供合規的機構投資渠道;HB 1116 針對加密貨幣 ATM 被用於詐騙的現實風險,屬於消費者保護措施。這種「有序開放、嚴格監管」的雙軌方式,反映了部分州政府在加密貨幣政策上尋求平衡的立場。

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