BIP-360合著者：比特币可能需要7年时间才能升级到后量子时代

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Source: PANews

2026-02-18 14:20:09

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PANews 2月18日消息，据Cointelegraph报道，比特币改进提案BIP-360联合作者Ethan Heilman表示，若从明天开始启动迁移，比特币网络全面实现抗量子安全预计需要七年时间，且这一预测基于各方对路线图达成共识的乐观情景。Heilman估计，提案本身需两年半完成代码审查与测试，随后半年激活，此后钱包、托管方、闪电网络节点及资金管理软件等需数年时间完成升级。“乐观情况下，激活五年后90%的参与者将完成更新。威胁感知越强，进程越快。”他强调，若出现量子计算突破，时间表将大幅提前，但整体仍是一项艰巨任务。 BIP-360已于上周合并至GitHub供审议，提出新增名为“Pay-to-Merkle-Root”的输出类型，在保留Taproot可升级性及功能的同时隐藏公钥，消除量子脆弱路径。该提案为向后兼容软分叉，未升级节点将忽略新输出类型。但Heilman指出，BIP-360仅能防御长期攻击（如针对中本聪地址），无法防御交易广播期间的短时攻击，后者需通过软分叉在tapscript中添加后量子签名算法实现。后量子签名体积较当前大10至100倍，若直接采用将大幅降低链上处理速度，可能需要引入见证折扣、扩大区块或通过零知识证明压缩签名等技术方案。

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