CertiK 發布 Skynet 報告:2025 年「扳手攻擊」激增 75%,肢體暴力成加密領域重要威脅

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Web3 安全公司 CertiK 報告指出,2025 年全球扳手攻擊事件達 72 起,年增 75%。攻擊者透過暴力、綁架等手段迫使受害者交出私鑰,損失超過 4,090 萬美元,歐洲成高風險地區。本文源自 CertiK 所著文章,由 Foresight News 整理、編譯及撰稿。
(前情提要: 以太坊交易量創新高卻引爆安全警訊!駭客「粉塵攻擊」推高交易數據,繁榮背後暗藏危機)
(背景補充: 鏈上偵探ZachXBT:某錢包被「社交工程攻擊」盜走2.82億鎂BTC、LTC)

本文目錄

  • 暴力程度顯著升級,歐洲成高風險地區
  • 損失超 4,000 萬美元,真實規模或被嚴重低估
  • 如何應對人身威脅?針對個人與機構的安全建議

2 月 2 日,Web3 安全公司 CertiK 發布《Skynet 扳手攻擊報告》指出,針對加密貨幣持有者的肢體暴力,已從極端個案演變為一種結構性風險。隨著加密資產安全防護不斷加固,這種繞過技術防線、直接針對「人」的攻擊方式正快速蔓延。

報告顯示,2025 年全球共記錄 72 起經核實的扳手攻擊事件,較 2024 年增長了 75%。所謂「扳手攻擊」,是指攻擊者透過暴力、恐嚇、綁架等物理手段,迫使受害者交出私鑰或密碼。這類攻擊不依賴技術漏洞,而是直接將矛頭指向加密資產背後的個人。

暴力程度顯著升級,歐洲成高風險地區

從攻擊形態來看,2025 年的扳手攻擊呈現出明顯的暴力升級趨勢。報告指出,綁架仍是最主要的攻擊路徑,全年發生 25 起;直接人身攻擊事件同比增長 250%,成為最值得警惕的變化之一。

在地理分布上,歐洲首次成為全球風險最高地區。2025 年,歐洲占全球已知事件的 40% 以上,其中法國記錄的攻擊數量位居全球首位,超過美國。CertiK 在報告中指出,這一變化並不意味著北美風險消失,而是反映出此類犯罪正在向更多司法環境複雜、跨境協作成本更高的地區擴散。

損失超 4,000 萬美元,真實規模或被嚴重低估

從財務影響看,2025 年已確認的扳手攻擊相關損失超過 4,090 萬美元,同比增長 44%。然而報告警告稱,由於受害者報案意願低、擔心報復、部分資產涉及逃稅或灰色地帶等因素,這一數字僅是「冰山一角」。

報告透過對比攻擊模式發現,2025 年的扳手攻擊已徹底告別早期的投機性、零散化特徵,進入專業化、產業化運作階段。攻擊者多以跨國犯罪集團形式存在,攻擊前通常會進行數週籌備,結合開源情報 (OSINT) 分析目標數位痕跡、鎖定防禦薄弱時段,甚至部署訊號干擾器、法拉第袋等專業設備切斷受害者與外界聯繫。

值得注意的是,攻擊者的目標正在泛化。雖然行業高層主管和專案創辦人仍是高價值目標,但攻擊者現在也開始針對持有量較少的個人。此外,攻擊者越來越頻繁地利用「關聯目標」,透過威脅受害者的配偶、子女或父母來施加心理壓力。

如何應對人身威脅?針對個人與機構的安全建議

隨著技術安全標準不斷提高,「破解系統」正變得越來越困難,而「脅迫個人」卻成本更低、效率更高。這一悖論,使得人身安全成為當前加密生態中最薄弱、也最容易被忽視的一環。

報告提出了一系列針對個人與機構的安全建議:個人層面,建議透過「誘餌錢包」降低脅迫損失、地理隔離儲存助記詞、移除日常裝置加密應用程式等方式減少風險;機構層面,則強調採用多重簽名機制、時間鎖合約、交易摩擦機制等技術手段,同時應將安全培訓擴展至家屬與員工。

CertiK 在報告結論中強調,2025 年的態勢表明,扳手攻擊已成為加密生態中獨立的犯罪類型,單純依賴助記詞的安全模式已無法應對風險。如何從「保護資產」升級為「保護人」透過制度化設計降低脅迫行為的可行性,或將成為行業未來發展的關鍵命題。

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