Vitalik: There are still three aspects of sharding technology in Fusaka that need improvement

PANews, December 4—Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated in a post: PeerDAS in Fusaka is highly significant because it is essentially sharding technology. This technology allows Ethereum to achieve block consensus without requiring a single node to view an extremely small portion of data, and by leveraging client-side probabilistic verification, it can effectively resist 51% attacks, rather than relying on validator voting. Sharding has been a goal for Ethereum since 2015, and data availability sampling became a target in 2017—now this goal has been achieved. However, there are still three areas in which Fusaka’s sharding technology is not yet perfect: First, L2 networks can process O(c²) transactions (where c is node computing power), but L1 networks cannot. To enable L1 scaling, a mature zero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine (ZK-EVM) is required; second, there is a proposer/builder bottleneck—currently, builders need to acquire all data to construct the entire block, so distributed block building is urgently needed; third, there is no sharded mempool yet, which is currently required. Even so, this is still a major advance in blockchain design. In the next two years, teams will have time to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, cautiously scale up while ensuring stability, use it to scale L2 networks, and once ZK-EVMs mature, apply it to L1 networks for gas scaling. Earlier reports stated that the Ethereum mainnet successfully activated the Fusaka upgrade, greatly improving its data processing capabilities.