Ethereum Fusaka Upgrade: 13 EIPs Launch on Mainnet

The Ethereum Fusaka upgrade is set to go live on the mainnet, bringing a suite of 13 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) designed to enhance consensus, execution, and overall network efficiency. This marks another incremental step in Ethereum’s roadmap toward scalability and security, building on previous upgrades like Dencun and Pectra.

Core Changes: PeerDAS Takes Center Stage

At the heart of Fusaka is EIP-7623 (PeerDAS), a data availability sampling innovation that allows validators to verify data by checking small samples from peers rather than downloading full blobs. This approach could increase Layer 2 data throughput by up to eight times, significantly reducing fees for rollup networks like Optimism and Arbitrum. PeerDAS builds on danksharding concepts introduced in earlier upgrades, aiming to make Ethereum more cost-effective for high-volume applications.

Other notable EIPs include:

• EIP-7702: Raises the block gas limit to 60 million, enabling more complex transactions per block.
• EIP-7784: Caps individual transaction gas at 40 million to mitigate denial-of-service attacks.
• EIP-7935: Accelerates transaction confirmations through optimized consensus rules.
• EIP-8010: Adds support for biometric authentication in wallets, improving user security.

These changes collectively address bottlenecks in execution and data handling, supporting Ethereum’s vision of a scalable, secure platform for global applications.

Development and Testing: Ready for Mainnet

Fusaka has undergone rigorous testing on multiple testnets, including Sepolia and Holesky, with developers confirming stability and no major issues. The Ethereum Foundation’s announcement emphasized that the upgrade’s incremental nature minimizes disruption, allowing for a smooth rollout. Post-launch monitoring will focus on validator performance and Layer 2 fee adjustments, with contingency plans in place for any unforeseen challenges.

The upgrade aligns with Ethereum’s ongoing evolution, following the successful Dencun deployment in March 2024, which introduced proto-danksharding and reduced Layer 2 costs by 90%.

Implications for Users and the Ecosystem

For everyday users, Fusaka promises lower Layer 2 fees and faster transactions, making DeFi, gaming, and NFT interactions more accessible. Developers benefit from the higher gas limit and biometric support, enabling more sophisticated dApps. The PeerDAS enhancement is particularly significant for rollups, potentially unlocking new scalability milestones and attracting more institutional adoption.

As Ethereum continues its path toward a fully sharded network, Fusaka represents a balanced advancement in performance without compromising decentralization or security.

In summary, the Ethereum Fusaka upgrade, activating 13 EIPs including PeerDAS for eightfold Layer 2 data gains, launches on mainnet December 4, 2025, after successful testnets—advancing scalability with a 60 million gas limit and biometric wallet support.