As artificial intelligence agents gradually take over financial decision-making, the existing payment authorization system faces unprecedented challenges.

Traditional authorization mechanisms rely on several fundamental assumptions. First, users have complete information at the moment of payment; second, each transaction has a clear beneficiary and responsible party; third, transaction details are confirmed before execution; fourth, in case of disputes, manual arbitration can effectively resolve issues.

But AI participation changes everything. When algorithms replace humans in decision-making, these assumptions fail one by one—users may not understand the AI's decision logic, the boundaries of beneficiaries become blurred, transactions can be dynamically adjusted, and traditional arbitration mechanisms struggle to determine responsibility. How to define financial risks and legal liabilities has become an urgent core issue to address.