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The Ethereum scalability game has reached a critical turning point. The Dencun upgrade opening the Layer2 ecosystem has created a new situation, but the real competition stage is shifting toward breakthroughs in mainnet performance itself.

A bold technological outlook is in front of us — in two years, Ethereum mainnet performance could increase by dozens of times, with Layer2 ecosystem throughput soaring toward hundreds of thousands of TPS. Will this be the critical point where Web3 moves from the fringes to the mainstream?

**Core technological transformations are brewing**

Let's first look at parallel processing. The traditional sequential execution model is inherently a bottleneck. Shifting to an efficient parallel architecture will fundamentally break through transaction processing efficiency. This is not a minor optimization but a restructuring at the architectural level.

The gas ceiling is also being shattered. The block gas limit has expanded from 30 million to 200 million, nearly a sixfold increase in each block's capacity. Coupled with parallel processing, the mainnet TPS goal is directly aimed at 10,000+, plus the Layer2 ecosystem plan targeting 100,000 TPS. The network's capacity expansion potential is enormous.

**The application implications behind this are even more worth pondering**

Complex DeFi strategies can run seamlessly on-chain, no longer just an ideal scenario. AAA-level blockchain games finally have real infrastructure support. DApps with millions of users are now financially feasible. Web3 applications previously stuck in technical and economic bottlenecks are breaking through these barriers.

**But there's more beneath the surface**

As performance improves, how do we ensure security? Will decentralization be compromised? How should developers prepare for early adaptation? Without clear answers to these questions, even the best upgrade will remain just paper talk.

What’s your view on this upgrade route? Which application sector is most likely to be the first to break the deadlock? Share your thoughts in the comments.